Introduction
The Higher Education sector of India is the third-largest within the world in terms of the number of scholars . Higher education refers to the study in colleges, universities, and research centers. After the completion of the sophistication 12th or intermediate course a student generally goes for higher study. The country has about 380 universities and deemed universities, over 17,500 colleges, and many national and regional research institutes. The institutes for higher learning in India follow specific rules as made by the state or the central government. There also are some statutory and autonomous bodies running. Within the country to manage the upper education system within the country.
Undergraduate Colleges
The initial period of upper education starts from the undergraduate level. After completion of intermediate level (i.e.10+2 or class 12th) in any stream, a student is eligible to pursue education.
The duration of study is either three years or four years or maybe five years just in case of life science or Architecture etc. The Engineering degree is of 4 years duration and everyone’s other degree courses in Arts, Commerce, and Basic Sciences are of three years duration. After successful completion of the course, a student is awarded a degree by the school or by the university with which the school is affiliated.
There are quite 16,000 colleges in India. The pattern of examination varies from one university to the opposite. Some hold annual examination while others conduct semesters. The total marks also differ from one university to the opposite. Some universities have started the “grading system” for awarding degrees.
The colleges of India follow the reservation policy as mandated by the govt. There is the provision of reservation of seats in colleges for special categories like Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Castes (OBCs), Physically Challenged, Sports Personalities, and other categories as classified by the reservation act.
Universities
A university is an establishment of upper learning that gives degrees in the least levels (Bachelor, Master, or Doctorate) in several fields. There are as many as 300 universities in India which are either state, central, or deemed universities. These universities provide different programs and also perform researches in respective fields.
The Post Graduate or Masters Degree program is obtainable within the least universities in the country. Generally, the duration of the masters’ degree program is of two years. After successful completion of the program in any discipline, the scholar is awardedMasters degree within the same field. The student who undergoes a Master’s program would get intensive theory and practical classes.
Universities of India follow the rules of the University Grant Commission (UGC). The funds are provided by the state governments or by the UGC.
The final examinations are conducted at the top of classes X and XII altogether states and Union Territories. The State Boards or Councils conduct these examinations. The regulation for secondary exams varies from 14 to 16 whereas for higher secondary it varies from 16+ to 18+ years.
Academic Session:
The academic session usually begins from July after an extended summer vacation in most of the states but it’s different in hilly states where the winter vacation is critical. The total number of working days is quite 200 days altogether states and Union Territories.
Evaluation Process
For evaluating the tutorial standard of a student by awarding grades. Divisions, marks, or by the other forms as recognized by the govt.
The most predominant sort of grading system (in the evaluation process). Within the country is that the percentage system. during this process, the marks obtained. The scholar is split by the utmost marks to get the share for the award of division or class.
However, some universities in India have begun to follow a marking system that supported a mark average. The grading system in these institutes may be a Cumulative mark Average (CGPA) on a ten or 4 point scale. Notably, all the IITs, BITS Pilani (Pilani, Goa campuses), and most NITs use a 10-point mark Average (GPA) system. However, the grades themselves could also be absolute (as in NITs), exclusively relative (as in BITS Pilani), or a mixture of absolute, relative, and/or historic, as in some IITs.
